Zastrzeżenie PESEL: instrukcja w mObywatelu i na gov.pl, sposób dla osób mieszkających za granicą, tabela co blokuje, a czego nie, oraz przepisy. Stan prawny: 26 lipca 2026 r.
Offer prices from portals are ceilings, not values – true amounts from notarial deeds can be found in the real estate price register (RCN, FREE data since 2020) and quarterly NBP reports (offer vs transaction prices, in several cities). The official document is solely the appraiser's report (a still regulated profession, online registry; valid for 12 months, ~500–1500 PLN) – valuing without qualifications can incur a fine of up to 50,000 PLN. Plus: what shifts the price, the 3 most expensive mistakes sellers make, and a valuation scenario from abroad; starting April 2, 2027, the government Portal DOM will be launched.
There has been no state license for real estate agents since January 1, 2014 – real protection comes from mandatory liability insurance (min. 25,000 EUR), which must be attached to the contract (art. 181 ugn), and the contract itself must be in written or electronic form under penalty of nullity – exchanging scanned documents via email constitutes a null contract! Inside: commissions of 2–3% + VAT (contractual), abusive clauses from the UOKiK register, a requirement of no criminal record (art. 180a), verification in CEIDG/KRS in 10 minutes, and how to properly sign a contract from abroad.
A 60 m² apartment costs about 75 PLN annually (maximum rate 1.25 PLN/m² according to M.P. 2025 item 726) in installments due on 15.03/15.05/15.09/15.11 – but living outside the EU without a delivery proxy means a decision 'delivered' to an old address is effective, even if you never see it (art. 138f of the Tax Ordinance).
A landlord can only terminate a lease for reasons specified in Article 11 of the Tenant Protection Act – in writing, stating the reason, under penalty of nullity; 'I want to live in my own apartment' requires a six-month notice with a replacement unit or three years without one.
A rental agreement longer than one year without written notice changes to indefinite (art. 660 KC), without a subletting prohibition clause the tenant can legally sublet the apartment (art. 668 KC), and rent can only be increased with a written notice of 3 months and no more frequently than every six months; this guide covers the deposit, normal wear and tear, GDPR (record data, do not photocopy ID – penalties under UODO), comparison of regular/occasional/institutional rentals, and a checklist for landlords renting from abroad (proxy, manager 8–15%, PIT-28 for non-residents).
Registration is free, has a 30-day deadline, and "serves only for registration purposes" – a property owner listed in the land and mortgage register will handle it online automatically, although from January 1, 2026, the online channel requires an e-Doręczeń mailbox; this guide addresses all variations, including what to do with registration when moving abroad and returning, and debunks myths that attribute more power to registration than it actually has.
An advance is always returned – and that's why it secures nothing; a deposit disciplines both parties: if you withdraw – you lose your payment, if they withdraw from you – you receive double the return (art. 394 CC).
A written agreement is valid, but if the other party withdraws, you are left with only compensation – only a notarial deed enforces the sale through the court and registers the claim in the Land and Mortgage Register (150 PLN). Deposit ~10%: it is forfeited or returned double, and without a credit clause, its fate upon bank refusal can be contentious. Additionally: annual deadlines under Articles 389–390 of the Civil Code, 0% PCC relief for the first apartment (saving 8000 PLN on a 400,000 PLN purchase), KOWR without myths, and signing by a proxy from abroad.
Without an initial protocol, the presumption from Article 675 § 3 of the Civil Code works against the tenant, and the landlord cannot defend deductions from the deposit without a final protocol – and has only ONE YEAR for claims (Article 677 of the Civil Code), not 3 years.
A property worth 400,000 PLN donated to a child incurs approximately 1,810 PLN in total costs (tax after a 50% discount + VAT + registration fee + copies) and 0 PLN in tax – but the discount requires meeting the conditions of Article 16, while a house and plot incur the full rate.
The alcohol limit is 0.2‰, pedestrians have priority before entering crosswalks, repeat offenses double fines (up to 5000 PLN) – plus good news: state highways are free for passenger cars. Rental without traps, toll sections A1/A2/A4 with prices, speed cameras and an address in the USA, buying a car (Vehicle History, PCC 2%, registration within 30 days, UFG fines up to ~9610 PLN) and excise tax when importing from the USA.